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- GEO CONVERTER v. 1.1
- Copyright©1993,1994 by Kenneth Hill
-
- This program is shareware. If you use Geo Converter please send $5.00 to Ken Hill,
- c/o Waverley Ground Search and Rescue, Waverley, Nova Scotia, Canada, B0N 2S0. All
- fees will be used by this volunteer SAR team in its task of finding lost people and
- providing children's woodsproofing to the public.
-
- Geo Converter may be distributed freely, so long as it is unaltered and accompanied by
- this text file. Comments, questions, and bug reports can be emailed to the author at
- khill@husky1.stmarys.ca . Registered users can request, through email, a description
- of the formulas and simplified versions of the source code. Registered users will also
- be notified through email of updates to Geo Converter, as well as announcements of
- similar software.
-
- DISCLAIMOR:
- GEO CONVERTOR IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE AS TO ITS USEABILITY
- OR FITNESS FOR ANY GIVEN PURPOSE, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE. THE AUTHOR ASSUMES NO
- RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF GEO CONVERTOR,
- INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES
- OF ANY KIND. IN OTHER WORDS: USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK!
-
- DESCRIPTION:
- Geo Converter translates between two map coordinate systems, longitude/latitude and
- Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM). It uses the Clarke 1866 spheroid, which has been
- adopted by Canada and the U.S. (except Hawaii). As different countries use different
- spheroids (i.e., formulas for describing the shape of the Earth; there are five major
- spheroids in all), Geo Converter works only for the west longitudes of the northern
- hemisphere, that is, between the Aleutian Islands of Alaska to Greenwich, England, and
- between the equator and 84° N. This includes, of course, all of North America.
-
- The UTM coordinate system is enjoying increasing popularity, especially among providers
- of emergency services who require a fast, accurate, and easily-communicated locational
- system. Land search and rescue teams in Canada, where UTM grid lines are drawn on topo
- maps of 1:50,000 scale and larger, commonly use the 6-digit abbreviations for eastings
- (distance in kilometers from the nearest central meridian, which is given a "false
- easting" value of 500 km in order to avoid negative numbers) and northings (distance from
- the equator). Maps in the U.S. are less commonly gridded by UTM, but UTM "ticks" are
- usually contained in the margins. Unfortunately, translating longs and lats to UTM by
- "eyeballing" and interpolating can be a time-consuming and error-prone process. The
- Waverley SAR team uses Geo Converter to translate long/lat coordinates received from
- rescue helicopter pilots who don't know UTM from UFO, and to convert long/lat readings
- from older GPS receivers not UTM literate. All search operations are referenced to
- 6-digit UTM abbreviations, which are accurate to within 100 meters.
-
- To convert from longs/lats to UTM, you have the option of entering degrees/minutes/
- seconds, or alternatively as degrees/percentage of a degree, or degrees/minutes/percentage
- of a minute. For example, 60° 45´ 30´´(read "60 degrees, 45 minutes, 30 seconds") can be
- entered as 60.4530, or as 60.7583, where the decimal fraction .7583 represents the
- percentage of one degree contained in 45´ 30´´, or as 60/45.5, where .5 contains the
- percentage of one minute contained in 30´´ (don't forget to enter the slash after the number
- of degrees). The conversion yields a fairly accurate (double precision math) UTM coordinate in
- kilometers, the UTM zone number, and the 6-digit abbreviation for the UTM. For example,
- the UTM coordinate for my office is approximately 453.81 (easting) and 4941.83 (northing),
- zone 20. This results in a 6-digit reference of 538 418, referring to the easting and
- northing respectively. Each 3-digit number is derived by dropping all but the last two
- numbers of the integer (in this case yielding 53 and 41) and adding one digit of the
- rounded-off percentage of the decimal fraction.
-
- One feature of Geo Converter not found in similar programs is the ability to force the
- program to compute the UTM coordinates according to a specific zone number, rather than
- for the zone in which the location actually lies. Why would you want to do this?
- Some map sheets pertain to an area which overlaps two adjacent zones. Usually the UTM
- references are provided for both zones in such instances, but UTM grid lines may be
- determined not by the "dominant" zone (i.e., which zone has a larger representation on
- the map), but for purposes of continuity with adjacent maps. For example, more than 90%
- of Nova Scotia lies within zone 20. Topo maps of the far eastern tip of the province are
- gridded according to zone 20, even though most of that area lies within zone 21. UTM
- coordinates computed according to zone 20 maintain metric continuity with maps just to
- the west, although examination of these maps reveals a high disparity between true north
- and grid north. Be sure to consult your map carefully before deciding to force the zone
- number.
-
- When converting from UTM to longs/lats, you have the option of entering eastings and
- northings as meters or kilometers (the program defaults to kilometers). You must provide
- the full UTM coordinate (not the 6-digit abbreviation). You also need to enter the UTM
- zone number (1 - 30), which is usually found in the margin of your map. If you can't find
- it, the zone number can be computed by doing a "dummy" longs/lats to UTM conversion and
- entering any long/lat coordinates found on your map. The UTM conversion to longs/lats
- also provides the number of the central meridian, which will not usually be of much
- interest except as a way of catching some entry errors. For example, if you know that
- your central meridian is supposed to be 100, and you've entered the eastings and northings
- backwards (a common error), then you'll likely get a quite different central meridian.
-
- CHANGES IN VERSION 1.1
- Added the option of entering lats/longs as degrees, minutes, and percentage of a minute.
- UTM-to-Long/Lat conversion displays degrees and percentage of a degree (decimal format),
- in additon to degrees/minutes/seconds (green text on color monitors).
- Added the ability to transfer the last conversion to the clipboard, pasteable to a text
- file.
- Minor cosmetic changes, including color text.
- Minor bug fixes.
-
- FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS:
- Conversions for other hemispheres.
- More spheroids.
- Batch processing.
- (Suggestions appreciated).
-
- AUTHOR:
- Kenneth Hill, Ph.D.
- Department of Psychology
- Saint Mary's University
- Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3C3
- Email: khill@husky1.stmarys.ca
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